Цитаты из книги Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts

In settler colonies, the ‘native-born’ colonial wished to claim an insider knowledge but wished to retain a ‘racial’ distinction from the ‘native’; for example, Kipling’s character Kim. In settler colonies, the settler also often wished to preserve a racial distinction from the ‘natives’ that depended on retaining a linkage with the absent homeland.

Indeed, it is the figure of enclosure that marks the frontier between the savage and the civilized. Although nobody has an exclusive dominion over nature, says Locke, since the ‘Fruits’ of the earth and the ‘Beasts’ were given for the use of men, there must be a way to appropriate them before they can be of any use to a particular man, and this is the method of enclosure (Locke 1960: 330).

The many postcolonial literary texts dealing with partition and its aftermath reflect the ongoing effect of this traumatic moment for the people of modern Pakistan and India and their descendants, who still live with the results. The fundamental unworkability of the rushed 1947 partition of British India led to the further partition of East Pakistan from Pakistan and the formation of the new nation of Bangladesh in 1971 after a devastating war.

The numerous ruler-straight frontiers of imperial maps indicate how colonial cartography existed as much to invent as to record actual features and distinctions between various places and peoples.

While filiation refers to lines of descent in nature, affiliation refers to a process of identification through culture.

The presence of male or female black servants was regularly included in paintings, plays and operas as a sign of illicit sexual activity.

Both patriarchy and imperialism can be seen to exert analogous forms of domination over those they render subordinate.

The partition was declared in the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and divided Hindu India from Muslim Pakistan (East and West). The division led to the displacement of 12.5 million people with estimates of loss of life of over a million people. The violent nature of the partition created an atmosphere of mutual hostility between India and Pakistan that continues to the present day.

Partition has occurred in many parts of the postcolonial world as postcolonial nations have divided along ethnic, religious or linguistic lines.