Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts

Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths, Helen Tiflin

Цитаты

nika_826 мая 2024 г.
A simple distinction between centre/margin, colonizer/colonized, metropolis/
empire, civilized/primitive represents very efficiently the violent hierarchy on which imperialism is based and which it actively perpetuates.
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nika_829 мая 2024 г.
The conscious or unconscious process by which Europe and European cultural assumptions are constructed as, or assumed to be, the normal, the natural or the universal. The first, and possibly most potent sign of Eurocentrism, as José Rabasa explains (1993), was the specific projection employed to construct the Mercator Atlas itself, a projection that favoured the European temperate zones in its distribution of size. This map of the world is not merely an objective outline of discovered continents, but also an ‘ideological or mythological reification of space’ which opens up the territories of the world to domination and appropriation.
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nika_826 мая 2024 г.
Affect is one of the three divisions described in modern psychology – the cognitive, the conative and the affective – and refers to the domain of non-cognitive experience that includes feelings, emotions and other autonomic responses to stimuli.
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nika_826 мая 2024 г.
Indigenous peoples are those ‘born in a place or region’ (OED).
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nika_89 июня 2024 г.
In psychology, trauma refers to a psychic injury, especially one caused by emotional shock the memory of which is repressed and remains unhealed (OED). Psychological trauma first emerged in a postcolonial context in Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks (1952), which exposes the ‘massive psychoexistential complex’ created by colonization. ‘White civilisation and European culture have forced an existential deviation on the Negro’, says Fanon, so that ‘what is often called the black soul is a white man’s artifact’.
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nika_89 июня 2024 г.
Subaltern, meaning ‘of inferior rank’, is a term adopted by Antonio Gramsci to refer to those groups in society who are subject to the hegemony of the ruling classes. Subaltern classes may include peasants, workers and other groups denied access to ‘hegemonic’ power.
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nika_89 июня 2024 г.
Building on an earlier Spanish and Portuguese practice of enslaving Africans along the Atlantic coast, Charles V granted a patent to a Flemish merchant in 1517 to import 4,000 black slaves per year into Hispaniola, Cuba and Jamaica. The organization of European slavery over the next three centuries has its genesis in this trading concession.
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nika_89 июня 2024 г.
The concept of a savage/civilized dichotomy is traceable at least as far back as Homer’s Odyssey. In English, the OED defines ‘uncivilized’ as ‘existing in the lowest stage of culture (1588)’; ‘pertaining to or characteristic of savages (1614)’. The notion of civilizing cultures (or persons) goes back at least to 1601: ‘To make civil. To bring out a state of barbarism; to instruct in the arts of life; to enlighten and refine.’
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nika_88 июня 2024 г.
Postcolonialism (or often post-colonialism) deals with the effects of colonization on cultures and societies. As originally used by historians after the Second World War in terms such as the post-colonial state, ‘postcolonial’ had a clearly chronological meaning, designating the post-independence period. However, from the late 1970s the term has been used by literary critics to discuss the various cultural effects of colonization.
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nika_831 мая 2024 г.
The metropolis in European thought was always constituted as the seat of culture, and this meaning is readily transferred to the imperial/colonial relationship. There is frequent slippage in the use of the term to cover ‘mother country’ (England, France) or, metonymically, their chief cities, London and Paris.
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