Philosophy had neither opened up the heavens to me, nor anchored me to earth; all the same, in January, when I had mastered the first difficulties, I began to take a serious interest in it. I read Bergson, Plato, Schopenhauer, Leibnitz, Hamelin, and, with passionate enthusiasm, Nietzsche. I was excited by a host of problems: the values of science; life, matter, time, art. I had no fixed ideas of my own, but at least I knew that I rejected Aristotle, Saint Thomas Aquinas, Maritain, and also all empirical and materialist doctrines