Ваша оценкаThe History Book (Big Ideas Simply Explained)
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snoomrick9 мая 2024 г.Despite an agreement reached at the capitulation of Granada, which contained guarantees for freedom of worship, in 1502 the monarchs decreed that any Muslims over the age of 14 who refused to convert to Christianity must leave Spain within 11 weeks. This edict, combined with the expulsion of the large Jewish community in Granada 10 years earlier, left Spain a more homogeneous and less tolerant place, and the crusading impulse, now shorn of obvious targets, would have to find other channels.
1046- snoomrick29 мая 2024 г.Читать далее
Qing China became immensely powerful during the reigns of the next two emperors—Yongzheng (1722–35), who also kept a tight control on government and the bureaucracy and increased state revenues by reforming the tax system, and Qianlong (1735–96), under whom the empire’s borders reached their greatest extent and the population boomed. Qianlong was an avid patron of the arts who wrote poetry and sponsored literary projects that enhanced his people’s reputation—although at the same time, he banned or destroyed books that were judged to be anti-Qing.
920 - snoomrick21 мая 2024 г.
Although Europe was now permanently divided into states that were predominantly Catholic or predominantly Protestant, they had agreed to learn to coexist with one another. The Peace set the precedent of creating agreements between nations by means of high-level diplomatic meetings, the like of which have played a key part in international relations ever since.
920 - snoomrick17 мая 2024 г.Читать далее
The kings who fought for control of France relied increasingly on large armies and expensive artillery. Cannons, like those that secured the French victory at Castillon, transformed warfare. The stout walls of medieval castles provided little defense against a cannonball. To better resist artillery rulers began, from the 16th century, to build a new type of fortification, the star fort. These forts had walls sunk into ditches to strengthen them against direct fire and also used cannons themselves in an active defense.
924 - snoomrick16 мая 2024 г.
Renaissance painters and sculptors sought to represent the physical world in a more realistic way than their Medieval predecessors: they valued anatomical accuracy and developed scientific methods of illustrating perspective. As in classical art, there was more focus on human beauty and the nude.
927 - snoomrick3 мая 2024 г.
Some 100,000 crusading knights, mostly French and Norman, set out in 1096. Progress to Jerusalem was slow: the crusaders suffered several setbacks at the hands of the Seljuk Turks, and the long siege of Antioch severely tested their morale, yet they pressed on and, led by the French knight Godfrey of Bouillon, at last captured the Holy City.
939 - snoomrick3 мая 2024 г.
On July 15, 1099, some 15,000 Christian knights surged into Jerusalem after a month-long siege. The victorious crusaders slaughtered Muslim defenders and Jews alike in a bloody act that marked the beginning of 200 years of Muslim–Christian warfare in the Holy Land.
929 - snoomrick22 апреля 2024 г.
Technological progress was slow but cumulatively substantial. As the world’s most advanced country, China was the ultimate source of most inventions, from paper and printing to the magnetic compass and gunpowder. Even relatively backward Europe benefited from improvements in shipbuilding and metalworking, and the invention and spread of the plow and the windmill transformed agriculture.
942 - snoomrick13 апреля 2024 г.Читать далее
Socrates turned his enquiries inward to more human matters— as Cicero said of him, “he brought philosophy down from heaven.” Socrates’ method was simply to ask questions—What is friendship? What is justice? What is knowledge? The Socratic method tended to lay bare the limits of existing thinking, often making people look foolish or pompous. Accordingly, Socrates was unpopular and eventually he was accused of two crimes by his enemies—corrupting youth by encouraging them to go against the government, and impiety, or lack of respect for the gods. Consequently, he was sentenced to death.
944 - snoomrick11 апреля 2024 г.
The Persian Wars (490–449 bce), also known as the Greco–Persian Wars, pitted a vast and cosmopolitan empire against a small band of city-states in the south of Greece. The conflict profoundly influenced the development of Classical Greek identity and culture, leaving a vivid trail in Western literature and myth. By contrast, the story of the Persian Achaemenid Empire remains comparatively neglected, belying the significance of that great Middle Eastern civilization.
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